2016), European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax L.) (Gasco et al. 2015), tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) (Sánchez-Muros et al. 2001), rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) (Belforti et al. Indeed, it has been demonstrated that meals derived from MW could successfully substitute part of dietary FM in feed for several commercially important marine and freshwater farmed finfish species including African catfish ( Clarias gariepinus) (Ng et al. Larvae of darkling beetle ( Tenebrio molitor L.), known as yellow mealworm (MW), is one of the most promising candidate as alternative source of protein for use in aquafeed, primarily due to its high nutritional value and the economic feasibility of its large-scale production (see Sánchez-Muros et al. Worms and insect larvae always have been considered as natural fish diets. The growth of the aquafeed industry signals that demand for alternative protein sources will continue to rise therefore, research has been focused on identifying and developing novel products from locally available and acceptable feed ingredients that can satisfy both economic and environmental concerns. However, there are drawbacks, since dietary utilization may be limited, or fish have difficulty adapting to the plant and rendered animal-derived feedstuffs as substitutes for FM-which is a particular issue for carnivorous fish species (Oliva-Teles et al. Much progress has been made in the development of intensive aquaculture through replacing fish meal (FM) with less expensive alternative protein sources.
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